Did you fit the intake/exhaust camshaft tonewheels at the rear of camshaft correctly? Also check the camshaft sensor wasn't damaged on installation (have seen them get caught against tonewheels and snap on install)
I'm fairly sure your engine will have solid lifters, there's also a special tool/process for setting valve clearance if valves are replaced. If machine shop is switched on/old school it's doable without the tools but time consuming.
I can give you a full rundown tomorrow but Volvo setup process is as follows. Not trying to be patronising but just trying to explain clearly, as can be hard to visualise text explanation.
**Timing marks are essentially irrelevant, unless you've set everything up correctly**
***Gears have free play (move left to right) when centre bolt is tight - when fitting belt/aligning timing marks gear should be held clockwise against limit stop.***
***The centre bolt is the torx bit behind the sealing plugs visible in the centre of the gears of your picture***
Camshafts locked
-loosen the 3x 8mm bolts holding gear to vvti hub, turn the gear completely clockwise and tighten 3x 8mm bolts
- fit vvti gear/phaser and tighten centre bolt slightly (just enough to grab) *doesn't matter where timing marks are at this point*
-turn vvti gear clockwise against limit stop via the outer 8mm bolts, loosen the centre bolt and wind the vvti gear clockwise until timing marks are 1 tooth past alignment.
-tighten centre bolt (I think it's like 120nm)
-Fit blanking plugs
-loosen the 3x8mm outer bolts, and align timing marks
-Fit the timing belt and set tension
-hold the vvti hubs clockwise against limit stop via the centre torx bit plug, while tightening the 3 outer 8mm bolts on each gear
